Use of Radiography (X-ray) in Dentistry

Dental radiographs, x-rays are the pictures of the teeth and also bones and tissues that support teeth. These x-rays are taken for finding out the problem with the teeth, jaw and mouth. X-rays show things that are not easily visible during dental examination/checkup. In this article, we will discuss the types of dental x-rays in dentistry.

Types of dental X-ray procedures
There are two types of dental X-ray procedures, namely, extra oral (X-ray film outside the mouth) and intra oral (X-ray inside the mouth)

Intra Oral X-rays
These x-rays are commonly used by dentists. Intra oral x-rays allows a dentist to find out cavities, checking the health of the bone that surrounds teeth and also the roots of the teeth.
There are different types of Intra oral x-rays showing various aspects of the teeth.

1) PR (Periapical X-rays)
This x-ray shows full tooth, from the crown till the beyond of the tooth roots in the jaw. These x-rays are used for detecting any abnormalities in the structure of the entire tooth.

2) Occlusal X-rays
These are larger and shows full development of the tooth. Moreover, it reveals the whole arch of the teeth in lower or upper jaw as needed.

3) Bitewing
These X-rays are used for checking the teeth form crown upto the end roots. These X-ray procedure is helpful in finding the decay in between the teeth, gum disease and also tooth alignment problems. Sometime. It is used for measuring bone loss due to advanced stage of gum disease known as periodontitis.

Extra oral X-rays
This shows teeth but mainly focuses on jaw and skull. Extra oral x-rays are used to look for impacted tooth, monitoring growth and development of jaw and teeth, identifying problems in teeth and jaw and temporomandibular joint or other facial bones.

There are different types of extra oral x-rays:
1) CT (Computed tomography)
Also known as CT scan that shows the interior structure of the body. CT scans are performed in radiology centers or hospitals rather than in a dental office which is used for identifying problems with facial bones like fractures and tumors. Further, it is used for evaluation of bone for placing dental implants and complicated extractions. This will help surgeon avoid complications during surgery.

2) Panoramic X-rays
These X-rays show the whole mouth area which means all the teeth in lower as well as upper jaw in a single X-ray. There is a special x-ray machine for panoramic x-rays. The main focus of these X-rays is on the position of the emerged teeth as well as emerging ones and also identifying impacted tooth.

3) Cephalometric projections
These x-rays show the whole side of the head. Cephalometric projections are used to examine the  teeth with relation to jaw and facial bones. These type of X-rays are used by orthodontists to plan their treatment.

Types and Features of SSL Certificate

SSL stands for Secure Socket Layer. This protocol has been developed by Netscape. It is used to transmit private documents via Internet. It uses cryptographic system and having two keys to encrypt the data. The keys are public key and private key. The public key is known to everyone. The private key is known only to recipient of the message. Many websites using this protocol to obtain the confidential information like credit card numbers and banking transaction security codes. If the

Website or URL has an SSL connection, it will start with https instead of http. In this article, we will discuss the features of each type of SSL certificate.

• High assurance certificate: The High assurance certificate is a normal type of certificate. To give this certificate, the authorities will check for validity business registration and the ownership of the domain name. These two are listed on the certificate. The visitors can see the ownership of the domain and the business which it runs. The validation to issue this certificate will take from an hour to a few days and it needs manual verification.

• Low assurance certificate: The low assurance certificate is also known as domain validated certificate. These provide less assurance to the customers than the high assurance certificates. These are less expensive than the high assurance certificates.

Domain validated certificates include the domain name only and not the business or organization name. The certificate can be issued instantly and the authorities will verify automatically by checking WHOIS record.

• Extended validation: Extended validation certificates are a new type of certificates that are designed to prevent phishing attacks. Business authorization and extended validation of the business is required to order this certificate. The certificate is received within a few days or few weeks. The extended validation certificate will give more assurance than the high assurance certificate. When a website have this certificate the address bar display in green color.

• Wildcard certificate: The wildcard certificate will work on all the mail domain extended or sub domain URLs. For example the wildcard certificate is taken for '*.domainname.com'. The business have the other domains like mail.domainname.com, www.domainname.com etc. This certificate will work regardless of changes on the * mark part.

Warranty:
Warranty while giving the purchase of a certificate is slightly different from the general warranty. Generally when a product is purchased the warranty is given to the customer to the product. In SSL certificate the warranty is actually to the end user. When the end user lose the money by deceive while transaction in the certified website, the certification authority will pay that amount to the end user. The warranty is differ from one authority to another.

These are the main types of SSL certificates available. These can be given by almost all the certificate issuing authorities. Based on the requirements of the website you can select the suitable type.

Enterprise Software Piracy

Planning to install software for your business? Beware of software pirates who sell you software illegally violating laws.

Piracy is an illegal procedure following, which you may have benefits for a short time but is risky. Enterprise software is also facing the threat of piracy. Some vendors without having knowledge of consequences can face charges for doing piracy. It is shocking that most large companies buy only one copy of software and install in many systems. Piracy is seen in most of the companies.

This article will deal with reasons for software piracy, effects due to piracy, types of piracy that can happen and importance of discouraging software piracy.

Reasons for piracy
First and foremost thing is cost will be reduced if you install buy a pirated software. You can install in more computers, unlike that is bought legally.

If the requirement is high, companies may not be able to buy them. They are attracted to low cost offers given by certain vendors. They can have savings and can invest that money for other businesses.

Types of piracy that commonly happen

• Counterfeiting piracy – It is piracy involving duplication of packaged software. For example, piracy on compact discs, licensed agreements, registration cards etc.

• Internet piracy – This is more common when you install a software via internet. Example, websites that offer free download options, auction sites, etc.

• End user piracy – This involves buying one original copy and making many duplicates from it and using the copies on system of unauthorized person. Example, using original copy to install on many computers, copying original on many copies and selling them.

• Hard disc loading piracy – Hard disc loading piracy involves loading software on hard discs without getting legal authentication.

• Client server overuse piracy – This is like using of one original copy of software by many people at same time

Difficulties due to enterprise software piracy
It may make you feel happy but the happiness is temporary. By the time you realize and repent on what you have done, situation passes away from your hands.

Using pirated software will offer poor services, often engaged in repairs and assures low safety. It may damaged your entire computer sometimes.

There is problem of being hacked by virus, making processes slow and ultimately effect productivity of your business.

Threat for security – original software will offer highest security, whereas pirated software is always under risk of security. Your data might be stolen and official security systems like passwords and use them to open your documents.

Piracy can create a black mark on your identity – if customers come to know that you are using illegal services and software to serve them, there is a chance of loosing customers

Application Server and its Function

An application server acts like a mediator between the front end (user) and the back end (databases). Application server is a software program designed to serve clients connected to it. It processes the request and send services to them by applying business logic and accessing databases. Generally clients request for a business logic to use it and perform business operations. It uses different types of protocols to communicate with the client like HTTP, etc.

Application servers are capable of maintaining their own resources. They allow scalability and able to manage heavy workloads. Application server may also contain a web server. So, it can be said that an application server is a superset of web servers. 

The most important feature of application server is that it is very secure and security measures applied to the application server secures all other systems of the business because of its centralized behavior.

Application server can be installed in an organization in three ways

• Application server can be integrated with the web server.
• It can be plugged in whenever required as plug and play model.
• Installed independently if affordable by the businesses.

Functions of application server:
Centralized
Application server is a centralized system. This means, all the computers connected to it can be controlled by application server. Any changes or upgrades to all the systems is made by using application server. Changes or upgrades done to the server automatically changes or upgrades all other systems. Providing security to the application server secures all other systems.

Supports website
Application servers when installed in an organization look after the website and maintain it.

Provides e-commerce application
An application server can manage and support the e-commerce of a business. E-commerce is used in businesses for selling and buying the products of a business through electronic devices like computers, mobile phones, etc.

Integration of code and data
As said before, application server is a mediator between user and the server. Any requests received by the application server from the client is processed by applying the procedural functions or code by accessing the data and then the service is delivered to the user.

Performance management
Application server follows typical client/server model. Hence, the transactions between the client and the server are quick and accurate. Application server is responsible for the performance of the network or group of computers connected to it. It manages the resources and databases and handles heavy workload so performance of the server is high.

Application servers provide many important features like security, scalability, increases the performance, handles heavy workload, etc. So, installing application server in any organization is helpful.

All you Need to Know about Website Downtime

The website plays a crucial role for the success of your business success. Therefore, it should be available and accessible to your end user without any errors. But, if they find that your website is down, they  get easily frustrated and move to your competitor's site. To avoid this situation, first you need to understand in-detail about the website downtime. In this post, you will see what is website downtime, different types of downtime, causes of website downtime, impact of website and preventive measures for website downtime.

What is website downtime?
Website downtime refers to the time period when your website is not accessible by the end-users.

Types of website downtime: Basically, there are 3 types of website downtime you can see. Among which two of them are important in long run while the third one is a sign of caution which you need to avoid.

• Planned website downtime: Generally, this is done for upgrading, rebooting and for other work. Your website hosting company will let you know in advance about this downtime.

• Somewhat planned website downtime: It is a temporary one, which involves in repairing and installing programs when something is wrong in your site. Your web hosting company will inform you about this at the time of its occurrence.

• Unplanned website downtime: This type of downtime occurs mainly due to insufficient space is in the server of the hosting company. Because of this reason, these hosting companies are not able to hold up on the number of website that they are hosting.

Causes of website downtime: There are number of reasons why your website is going down. Let's see here some of its reasons:

• When your website hosting company is performing any planned up-gradations like software upgrades, hardware upgrades, operating system upgrade.

• The other reasons for downtime are file corruptions, defective programs, application problems or when any part of a system fails or due to malicious hackers.

Impact of website downtime:

• Search engine ranking:  Even after multiple attempts, if search engine crawlers are unable to access your site. It may de index your site permanently from the search results. However, it takes long time to get lost trust. Website monitoring can be a solution as a ray of hope to escape from this serious issues.

• Continuous or persistent downtime can become a nightmare for business owners. Because it creates serious issues like loss of customers or leads, loss of sales, loss of money and membership.

Preventive measures of website downtime: Buying a backup DNS service

• Buy a monitoring service
• Always make database backups before touching the database
• Make your site functional in pieces
• Use source management to roll out updates

Effective Ways Of Banishing Stress

Stress can be a motivator or energizer. stress is the opposite of relaxation. Too much of bad stress can cause medical and social problems. Because the body responds to stress physically, bad stress causes the "fight or flight” reaction. Both positive and negative aspects of life can be equally stressful. Stress comes from the external forces in our lives that push our buttons and provoke extreme emotions.

Below are some of the tips for stress relief:

• Take a Deep Breath by inhaling air through your nose and hold on for few seconds and exhale through your mouth. Breathing will oxygenates your blood which helps you to feel more relaxed instantly.
• Never react negative to stressful situations because if you do so it makes you feel worse.   So, instead of reacting you count the numbers from 1 to 10 and step back.
• Stand up and stretch your body so that your muscles will relax temporarily.
• Smiling is also an another method for stress relief which makes you feel better.
• Take some breaks by walking here and there that means (take a bathroom break or get a glass of water, see some plants, etc,.). Change focus to other things so that you won't see the original amount of stress at work.
• Massage your left hand palm with right hand palm by making a circular motion with the thumb of the other or use a massage gadget.
• Solve some mathematical problems by using a simple formulas by assigning some simple numbers on your own.
• If any thing is going wrong, you don't be silence instead you question it for solving. So, thus makes you proactive.
• Get plenty of rest and eat well so that you'll be able to handle stress better whenever it comes up.
• Try to do some exercises like swimming, walking, and playing etc,.
• Laughter is a great way to relieve stress. So, watch funny movies and read funny stories that can make you a good belly laugh.

Avoid unnecessary stress such as the people who stress you out, take control of your environment, etc,.

Important Tips for Planning a Summer Vacation

Planning is important for every vacation especially for summer vacation because if you don't plan properly you will spend your vacation stressed out. Here are few tips which makes your summer vacation more joyful:

Packing:
Packing should be light and carry only essential things needed by you during the vacation. The packing can be easily done by preparing a checklist before starting packing. As you are going on a summer vacation, have plenty of sun screen, hats and sunglasses, all of these products protects you from the UV rays.

Be Flexible:
Be flexible and try to utilize the time when something does not go well as planned, like delayed flights or traffic jams. It is better to explore enjoyable rest stops or detours in this time.

Be Prepared For Rain:
Though you are going on a summer vacation, you should also plan for the unexpected weather changes, like sudden rainfall, so carry outfits which can be worn in rainy season.

Emergency:
If you are traveling by car keep emergency kit handy that includes jumper cables, basic hand tools, flares or reflective warning triangles. Also carry a first aid kit in case if you get injured and also carry flashlight with fresh batteries, and a cell phone if possible.

Keep The Kids Amused:
If you are going on a summer vacation with your family, allow the children to pack their own travel bags with things they love in order to keep themselves occupied. Keep the children amused by allowing them to play and you can also play with them.

Along with these there are few things you should not do in order to have a great summer vacation like try to avoid traveling during peak times, don’t plan too much in short amount of time and also plan your trip according to your budget.