Nursing Bottle Caries/Baby Bottle Tooth Decay

Tooth decay in infants and young children is referred to as nursing bottle caries. This happens when there is prolonged exposure of infant's teeth to liquids that contains sugar (milk, formula or fruit juice).
This article discusses about the causes, symptoms, treatment and prevention of baby bottle tooth decay.

Causes of baby bottle tooth decay
Nursing bottle caries can occur when the baby is put to bed with the bottle containing milk or other sweetened liquids like juice. Bacteria in the mouth live to digest sugary and starchy food or drinks multiply and form acid. This acid attacks the enamel of tooth/teeth gradually dissolving other layers of tooth resulting in tooth decay.
The upper front teeth are more susceptible to get decayed from baby bottles.

Symptoms

• White or brown spots appearing on teeth
• Pain
• Swelling and bleeding gums
• Fever caused by gum or tooth infection

Prevention
Following are some tips for preventing tooth decay in children:

• After every bottle-feed, clean your child's gums and teeth gently with a soft cloth or a gauze pad. This will help in removing any bacteria that contains plaque and excess sugars that may have built up.
• Begin to brush your baby's tooth as soon as his/her first tooth erupts.
• When all the baby's teeth have erupted, use a pea size amount of toothpaste for brushing the baby's teeth prescribed by your dentist.
• If your child is using pacifier, make sure that it is clean and sterlized. Never dip it in honey or other sugars.
• Never put your child to bed with a bottle that contains sweetened liquids or the liquids that contains natural sugars like milk, formula or fruit juice.
• Begin encouraging your child to drink from a cup from six months onwards.
• Arrange regular dental checkups as soon as your baby’s first tooth erupts.
• Encourage healthy eating habits.
• Supervise your child's tooth brushing until the age of 5-6 years.

Treatment
For treating this kind of decay, the dentist will remove the decayed portion from the tooth/teeth and fills the cavity with a material called as composite resin or silver amalgam, thus restoring and protecting the tooth. If the decay is severe and has attacked the tooth pulp, the dentist will perform the root canal treatment.

If the decay is caught earlier, there is no need of root canal treatment. This is the reason why dentist recommends visiting them regularly.

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Steps in development of Business Application Software

Business application software is widely used to increase productivity of businesses. To develop software, the client company has to spend a greater amount from their budget. The vendor should have clarity of about the real need of the client, how they expect the software and for what purpose. Otherwise, valuable money and time will be lost.

Following are the steps mostly using while developing business application software.

• Requirement analysis: Requirement analysis is the first step in software development. First, you need to understand clearly the requirement of the software to the client. Here the interaction between the client and the developer along with the functional experts will be occurred. After made a clear structure move to the next one.

• Planning and design: After functional analysis is done, the software development project is split into the tasks. Every task will have a time period. As per that the development will be occurred. If the project is delays the budget will be increase. So the planning is crucial. Designing is building the architecture of the project. Here the possible wrongs will be minimized.

• Development: The Actual part of development starts here. The development is coding the software as per the architecture. When the tasks are completed merge them into a single program. If the architecture and the planning are properly done development become easy. The development will be depends upon the ability of the programmer to complete quickly and effectively.

• Testing: Testing will be done at different stages. In the beginning when the task is completed immediately one testing will be occurred. Second one is after merged the tasks. After at the time of project completion. At the time of implementation in front of client the testing completely done without errors.

• Documentation: Documentation is the guide about the software features. Here every option and feature of the software will be documented. It is easily understandable format and language.

• Training: If training is required to operate the software it will be provided to the employees at the time of implementation at the client. Mostly the documentation gives as material. When the employees are the functional experts, it is enough to give a brief of the functions and operations.

• Maintenance: Once the above all stages are passed without any issue the maintenance will be begun. Here the updates to the software will be provided. The updates are for newly discovered issues, extra/new requirements.

These are the common following steps to develop medium and large software applications.